Thick, dirty, soft mud.

گاڑھا کیچڑ

The factory dumped toxic sludge into the river.

Gave in or died.

ہتھیار ڈال دینا / مر جانا

He succumbed to his injuries after the accident.

Done by one side only.

یکطرفہ

They made a unilateral decision without consulting partners.

Dependence on certain conditions.

مشروطیت

Aid was given with strict conditionality.

Getting services from outside instead of doing internally.

بیرونی خدمات

The company saved money by outsourcing IT work.

A written note or record.

یادداشت

He signed a memorandum to confirm the agreement.

Strictness or tightness.

سختی

Stringency of new laws worried business owners.

Proven right or cleared from blame.

بری الذمہ ہونا

She felt vindicated after the investigation proved her innocence.

Lack of responsibility.

جوابدہی کی کمی

Unaccountability among leaders creates distrust.

The act of organizing for action.

تحریک

Mobilization of volunteers helped during the flood.